# add levels and order by energy_sources
dat_sum <- dat_sum[,
variable := factor(
fct_recode(variable, !!!energy_sources),
levels = names(energy_sources)
)
]
setorder(dat_sum, decade, variable)
# Create waffle plot
waffle_plot <- ggplot(dat_sum, aes(fill = variable, values = perc_int)) +
geom_waffle(
color = "white",
size = 0.2,
n_rows = 5,
flip = TRUE,
make_proportional = FALSE
) +
facet_wrap(~decade, nrow = 1, strip.position = "bottom") +
theme_minimal() +
labs(
title = "A Proportional Picture: France's Energy Mix by Decade ...",
y = "Percentage (%)"
) +
scale_x_discrete() +
scale_y_continuous(
labels = function(x) x * 5,
expand = c(0, 0)
) +
scale_fill_manual(
values = energy_colors,
breaks = names(energy_sources),
name = "Energy Source",
drop = FALSE
) +
theme(
text = element_text(family = body_font),
panel.grid = element_blank(),
axis.title = element_blank(),
axis.text.x = element_text(family = body_font, size = 10),
strip.text = element_text(family = body_font, size = 10),
legend.position = "none",
plot.title = element_textbox_simple(
hjust = 0.5,
size = 12,
family = title_font,
margin = margin(b = 30)
),
plot.background = element_rect(color = "white", fill = "white"),
plot.margin = unit(c(30, 30, 30, 30), "pt")
)
#------ YEARLY FOSSIL ENERGY PLOTS
# prep yearly data for all sources
yearly_all <- dat[
year >= 1960 & year <= 2020 & country == "France",
lapply(.SD, function(x) sum(x, na.rm = TRUE)),
.SDcols = energy_sources,
by = .(year)
]
# melt to long format
yearly_long <- melt(
yearly_all,
id.vars = "year",
measure.vars = energy_sources,
variable.name = "energy_type",
value.name = "consumption"
)
yearly_long[,
energy_type := factor(
energy_type,
levels = energy_sources,
labels = names(energy_sources)
)
]
# assign color: fossil in color, others grey
fossil_types <- c("Coal", "Oil", "Gas", "Nuclear")
# factor for energy_type with non-fossils first, fossils last
yearly_long$energy_type <- factor(
yearly_long$energy_type,
levels = c(
setdiff(levels(yearly_long$energy_type), fossil_types),
fossil_types
)
)
# reorder the data so non-fossils come first, fossils last
yearly_long <- yearly_long[order(yearly_long$energy_type), ]
color_map <- setNames(
ifelse(
names(energy_sources) %in% fossil_types,
energy_colors[names(energy_sources)],
"grey80"
),
names(energy_sources)
)
# calculate percentage of each source in total per year
yearly_long[, perc := 100 * consumption / sum(consumption), by = year]
# area chart (actually a sankey): absolute consumption by type (fossil in color, rest grey)
area_plot <- ggplot(
yearly_long[year %in% c(1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020)],
aes(
x = year,
node = energy_type,
fill = energy_type,
value = consumption
)
) +
geom_sankey_bump(
space = 0,
type = "alluvial",
color = "transparent",
smooth = 6,
alpha = 0.8
) +
scale_fill_manual(values = color_map) +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(), expand = c(0, 0)) +
scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma, expand = c(0, 0)) +
labs(
title = "... Eventually, Proportions Hinder Gross Total Consumption Increase (or Not-So-Much Decrease)",
x = NULL,
y = "Consumption (TWh)"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
text = element_text(family = body_font),
axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
plot.title = element_textbox_simple(
hjust = 0.5,
size = 12,
family = title_font,
margin = margin(b = 20)
),
legend.position = "none",
plot.margin = unit(c(30, 30, 30, 30), "pt")
)
# line chart: share of each energy source in total (fossil + nuclear in color, rest grey)
line_plot <- ggplot(yearly_long, aes(x = year, y = perc, color = energy_type)) +
geom_line(size = 1) +
scale_color_manual(values = color_map) +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = scales::pretty_breaks(), expand = c(0, 0)) +
labs(
title = "... Visualizing The Proportional Shift Differently: The Decline of Coal and Oil, the Rise of Gas, and the Rapid Expansion of Nuclear ...",
x = NULL,
y = "Percentage (%)"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
text = element_text(family = body_font),
axis.text = element_text(size = 10),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
plot.title = element_textbox_simple(
hjust = 0.5,
size = 12,
family = title_font,
margin = margin(b = 20)
),
legend.position = "none",
plot.margin = unit(c(30, 30, 30, 30), "pt")
)
#------ Title and text
# old subtitle
subtitle_text <- glue::glue(
"In the 1960s, only <span style='color:{energy_colors['Coal']};'><strong>coal</strong></span>,
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Oil']};'><strong>oil</strong></span>,
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Gas']};'><strong>gas</strong></span>, and
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Hydro']};'><strong>hydro</strong></span> were part of the French primary energy consumption mix. By the 2020s, <span style='color:{energy_colors['Nuclear']};'><strong>nuclear</strong></span> energy became a player for almost 40%, and other sources appeared such as
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Biofuel']};'><strong>biofuel</strong></span>,
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Solar']};'><strong>solar</strong></span>,
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Wind']};'><strong>wind</strong></span>, and
<span style='color:{energy_colors['Other Renewables']};'><strong>other renewable energy</strong></span>. The French model for energy is singular. In 1973, nuclear power already accounted for 8% of the production of French electricity."
)
# caption
caption_text <- glue::glue(
"
<span style='font-size:11pt; color:#777777'>
Each square on the right chart represents 1% of total energy consumption for each decade from 1960 to 2020. These are proportions of total terawatt hours (TWh) consumed. Data: Our World in Data | Viz: @gnoblet
</span>"
)
# rectangles param
ymin_1stline <- 0.20
ymax_1stline <- 0.24
ymin_2ndline <- 0.08
ymax_2ndline <- 0.13
text_y_1stline <- 0.18
text_y_2ndline <- 0.07
text_size <- 3.5
# overall title and text panel
text_panel <- ggplot() +
geom_textbox(
aes(
x = 0,
y = 1,
halign = 0,
valign = 1,
label = glue::glue(
"<span style='font-size:22pt; font-weight:bold'>60 Years of France's Primary Energy Consumption </span>
<br><br>
<span style='font-size:14pt'>
Primary energy consumption measures the total energy used within a country, based on energy sources at the point of extraction or generation, and covers direct uses like electricity, heating, and transport. It does <b>not</b> include the energy embedded in imported goods and services.
<br><br>
{subtitle_text}
<br><br>
{caption_text}
<br><br>
<span style='font-size:12pt;font-weight:bold'>Primary energy sources:</span>"
),
box.color = NA
),
box.padding = unit(c(0, 0, 0, 0), "pt"),
box.margin = grid::unit(c(0, 0, 0, 0), "pt"),
box.r = unit(0, "pt"),
fill = NA,
hjust = 0,
vjust = 1,
lineheight = 1.1,
width = unit(0.95, "npc"),
family = body_font
) +
# Add rectangle legends - Row 1
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.1,
xmax = 0.17,
ymin = ymin_1stline,
ymax = ymax_1stline,
fill = energy_colors["Coal"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.25,
xmax = 0.32,
ymin = ymin_1stline,
ymax = ymax_1stline,
fill = energy_colors["Oil"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.4,
xmax = 0.47,
ymin = ymin_1stline,
ymax = ymax_1stline,
fill = energy_colors["Gas"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.55,
xmax = 0.62,
ymin = ymin_1stline,
ymax = ymax_1stline,
fill = energy_colors["Hydro"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.7,
xmax = 0.77,
ymin = ymin_1stline,
ymax = ymax_1stline,
fill = energy_colors["Nuclear"]
) +
# Row 2
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.1,
xmax = 0.17,
ymin = ymin_2ndline,
ymax = ymax_2ndline,
fill = energy_colors["Biofuel"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.25,
xmax = 0.32,
ymin = ymin_2ndline,
ymax = ymax_2ndline,
fill = energy_colors["Solar"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.4,
xmax = 0.47,
ymin = ymin_2ndline,
ymax = ymax_2ndline,
fill = energy_colors["Wind"]
) +
annotate(
"rect",
xmin = 0.55,
xmax = 0.62,
ymin = ymin_2ndline,
ymax = ymax_2ndline,
fill = energy_colors["Other Renewables"]
) +
# Labels - Row 1
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.135,
y = text_y_1stline,
label = "Coal",
color = energy_colors["Coal"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.285,
y = text_y_1stline,
label = "Oil",
color = energy_colors["Oil"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.435,
y = text_y_1stline,
label = "Gas",
color = energy_colors["Gas"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.585,
y = text_y_1stline,
label = "Hydro",
color = energy_colors["Hydro"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.735,
y = text_y_1stline,
label = "Nuclear",
color = energy_colors["Nuclear"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
# Labels - Row 2
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.135,
y = text_y_2ndline,
label = "Biofuel",
color = energy_colors["Biofuel"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.285,
y = text_y_2ndline,
label = "Solar",
color = energy_colors["Solar"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.435,
y = text_y_2ndline,
label = "Wind",
color = energy_colors["Wind"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
annotate(
"text",
x = 0.585,
y = text_y_2ndline,
label = "Other\nRenewables",
color = energy_colors["Other Renewables"],
size = text_size,
fontface = "bold",
family = body_font,
vjust = 1
) +
theme_void() +
theme(
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA),
plot.margin = unit(c(0, 0, 0, 0), "pt"),
axis.title = element_blank(),
axis.text = element_blank(),
axis.ticks = element_blank()
) +
coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0, 1), ylim = c(0, 1), expand = FALSE)
#------ Combine all plots with patchwork
# 2x2 layout
combined_plot <- (text_panel + waffle_plot) /
(line_plot + area_plot)
plot_annotation(
theme = theme(
plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA)
)
)
